Dec 17, 2010

Dear all G9A and G9B

I sent you the lead, Introduction, and MLA Format through your emails, please read them well. When you submit your FINAL WRITTEN REPORT, PLEASE make sure that you have the following:

1- FINAL WRITTEN REPORT (HARDCOPY - PRINTED).
2- INDIVIDUAL RUBRICS FOR WRITING FOR EACH MEMBER IN THE GROUP, STAPLE THEM TOGETHER.
3- A PAPER MENTIONED IN IT THE NAMES OF STUDENTS THAT PARTICIPATED IN THE FOLLOWING: LEAD, INTRODUCTION, CONCLUSION, CHECKING GRAMMAR AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE, VISUAL ELEMENTS, CHOOSING QUOTES, CITATIONS. (ALL OF YOU SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THIS)

PLEASE I NEED THE ITEMS MENTIONED ABOVE IN A PLASTIC FOLDER PER GROUP. AND SEND ME THE SOFTCOPIES OF YOUR FINAL WRITTEN REPORTS TO MY GMAIL. This is my email for students who don't know it:

eng.nagla.sh@gmail.com

COULD ANYONE SEND ME AN EMAIL TO CONFIRM THAT YOU RECIEVED MINE.

thanks a lot, Dear all I appreciate your effort.

Dec 4, 2010

WARNING!!!!

The following groups have missing work for their research:

1- The group of Lina Helmy, Raghad El Shaer and Donia Abbas 9B- (Compound: Calcium Chloride) did not submit the second and third step of the research which are the : Bullet points (keywords) and turning those keywords to paragraph.

2- Mohamed Marzouk 9B in the group who choose Sulfuric Acid did not submit the 2nd and 3rd step of the research which are: Bullet points (keywords) and turning those keywords to paragraph.

3- The group of Summer Nasr, Habiba Sharaf and Zeinab El Tawil 9A (Compound: Silicon Dioxide) is missing the 3rd step of the research: turning the keywords to paragraph.

4- The group of Daeum, Ahmed Adeeb, Mazen Yassin and Sary Montasser 9A (Compound: Propane) is missing the 3rd step of the research: turning the keywords to paragraph.

BE AWARE I HAVE TO SUBMIT YOUR GRADES BY TOMORROW MORNING

SUNDAY 5-12-2010 BEFORE NOON 1:00 p.m, PLEASE SEND YOUR WORK TO THE FOLLOWING E-MAIL: eng.nagla.sh@gmail.com

IF I RECEIVE YOUR WORK BY TODAY SATURDAY 4-12-2010 OR SUNDAY 5-12-2010 BEFORE 1:00 p.m (NOON); IT WILL BE LATE 10%, IF I RECEIVE IT BY MONDAY 6-12-2010 IT WILL NOT JOIN YOUR GRADES AND IT IS LATE 20%.

HOWEVER IF I RECEIVE YOUR WORK AS A SOFTCOPY I EXPECT TO HAVE IT ALSO BY MONDAY 6-12-2010 AS A HARDCOPY (PRINTED ON PAPER)

THANKS AND GOODLUCK

Nov 27, 2010

Polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion, is a charged ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. The prefix "poly-" means "many," in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly referred to as polyatomic.

For example, a hydroxide ion is made of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom: its chemical formula is (O H)⁻. It has a charge of −1. An ammonium ion is made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms: its chemical formula is (N H₄)⁺. It has charge of +1.

Nomenclature

There are two "rules" that can be used for the learning the nomenclature of polyatomic ions. First, when the prefix bi- is added to a name, hydrogen is added to the ion's formula and its charge is increased by 1, the latter being a consequence of the hydrogen ion carrying a +1 charge. An alternate to the bi- prefix is to use the word hydrogen in its place: the anion derived from H⁺ + CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻ can be called either bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate.

The second rule looks at the number of oxygens in an ion. Consider the chlorine oxoanion family:

oxidation state	−1	+1	+3	+5	+7
anion name	chloride	hypochlorite	chlorite	chlorate	perchlorate
formula	Cl⁻	Cl O⁻	Cl O₂⁻	Cl O₃⁻	Cl O₄⁻

First, think of the -ate ion as being the "base" name, in which case the addition of a per- prefix adds an oxygen. Changing the -ate suffix to -ite will reduce the oxygens by one, and keeping the suffix -ite and adding the prefix hypo- reduces the number of oxygens by two. In all situations, the charge is not affected. The naming pattern follows within many different oxyanion series based on a standard root for that particular series. The -ite has one less oxygen than the -ate, but different -ate anions might have different numbers of oxygen atoms.

These rules will not work with all polyatomic ions, but they do work with the most common ones (sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chlorate).

Examples of common polyatomic ions

The following tables give examples of commonly-encountered polyatomic ions. Only a few representatives are given, as the number of polyatomic ions encountered in practice is very large.

Anions
Acetate (ethanoate)	CH₃COO⁻ or C₂H₃O⁻²
Benzoate	C₆H₅COO⁻ or C₇H₅O⁻²
Bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate)	HCO⁻³
Carbonate	CO₂⁻³
Cyanide	CN⁻
Hydroxide	OH⁻
Nitrate	NO⁻³
Phosphate	PO₃⁻⁴
Sulfate	SO₂⁻⁴

Cations
Ammonium	NH⁺₄
Hydronium	H₃O⁺
Mercury(I)	Hg₂⁺²

Nov 22, 2010

Research Topics

Here is a list of compounds; choose one compound and research its chemical formula, molecular structure, bonding type, everyday uses and impact on our lives. Also, what makes it important, and is it safe or dangerous; harmful, such as a pollutant; or beneficial, such as a requirement for maintaining our health. Consider the following when choosing a compound (Remember choose your groups with three members in a group):